We have a description of a gripper's motion and force sensing and we want you to turn that into the corresponding program with following class functions of the gripper: The gripper has a measurable max force of 16N and min force of 0.15N, a maximum aperture of 105mm and a minimum aperture of 1mm. ``` def get_aperture(finger='both') ``` finger: which finger to get the aperture in mm, of, either 'left', 'right', or 'both'. If 'left' or 'right', returns aperture, or distance, from finger to center. If 'both', returns aperture between fingers. ``` def set_goal_aperture(aperture, finger='both', record_load=False) ``` aperture: the aperture to set the finger(s) to (in mm) finger: which finger to set the aperture in mm, of, either 'left', 'right', or 'both'. record_load: whether to record the load at the goal aperture. If true, will return array of (pos, load) tuples This function will move the finger(s) to the specified goal aperture, and is used to close and open the gripper. Returns a position-load data array of shape (2, n) --> [[positions], [loads]], average force, and max force after the motion. ``` def set_compliance(margin, flexibility, finger='both') ``` margin: the allowable error between the goal and present position (in mm) flexibility: the compliance slope of motor torque (value 0-7, higher is more flexible) until it reaches the compliance margin finger: which finger to set compliance for, either 'left', 'right', or 'both' ``` def set_force(force, finger='both') ``` force: the maximum force the finger is allowed to apply at contact with an object(in N), ranging from (0.1 to 16 N) finger: which finger to set compliance for, either 'left', 'right', or 'both' ``` def check_slip(load_data, force, finger='both') ``` load_data: the position-load data array from set_goal_aperture force: the force to check if the contact force is met (in N), which is set by set_force() finger: which finger to check the contact force for, either 'left', 'right', or 'both' Returns True if the contact force is not reached, meaning the gripper has slipped, False otherwise (the gripper has not slipped and has a good grasp). Also returns the average and max force experienced by the gripper in the load data. Example answer code: ``` from magpie.gripper import Gripper # must import the gripper class G = Gripper() # create a gripper object import numpy as np # import numpy because we are using it below new_task = {CHOICE: [True, False]} # Whether or not the task is new # Reset parameters to default since this is a new, delicate grasp to avoid crushing the raspberry. if new_task: G.reset_parameters() # [REASONING] goal_aperture = {PNUM: goal_aperture} complete_grasp = {CHOICE: [True, False]} # Initial force. The default value of object weight / friction coefficient. initial_force = {PNUM: {CHOICE: [({PNUM: mass} * 9.81) / {PNUM: mu}, {PNUM: different_inital_force}] }}} # [REASONING for initial force choice] additional_closure = {PNUM: additional_closure} # Additional force increase. The default value is the product of the object spring constant and the additional_closure, with a dampening constant 0.1. additional_force = np.max([0.01, additional_closure * {PNUM: spring_constant} * 0.0001]) # Move quickly (without recording load) to a safe aperture that is wider than the goal aperture G.set_goal_aperture(goal_aperture + additional_closure * 2, finger='both', record_load=False) # [REASONING] # [PREDICTION] G.set_compliance(1, 3, finger='both') G.set_force(initial_force, 'both') load_data = G.set_goal_aperture(goal_aperture, finger='both') # [REASONING] # [PREDICTION] curr_aperture = G.get_aperture(finger='both') applied_force = inital_force slip_threshold = initial_force slippage, avg_force, max_force = G.check_slip(load_data, slip_threshold, 'both') # record spring constants over slip detection prev_aperture = curr_aperture k_avg = [] while slippage: goal_aperture = curr_aperture - additional_closure if np.mean(avg_force) > 0.10: # low-pass filter force readings so we don't increase force when there is no contact applied_force += additional_force G.set_force(applied_force, 'both') print(f"Previous aperture: {curr_aperture} mm, Goal Aperture: {goal_aperture} mm, Applied Force: {applied_force} N.") load_data = G.set_goal_aperture(goal_aperture, finger='both') # Report data after each adjustment curr_aperture = G.get_aperture(finger='both') slippage, avg_force, max_force = G.check_slip(load_data, slip_threshold, 'both') # record spring constants over slip detection distance = np.abs(curr_aperture - prev_aperture) k_avg.append(np.mean(avg_force) * distance * 1000.0) prev_aperture = curr_aperture if complete_grasp: curr_aperture = G.get_aperture(finger='both') G.set_goal_aperture(curr_aperture - additional_closure, finger='both', record_load=False) print(f"Final aperture: {curr_aperture} mm, Controller Goal Aperture: {goal_aperture} mm, Applied Force: {applied_force} N.") else: G.open_gripper() ``` Remember: 1. Always format the code in code blocks. In your response all five functions above: get_aperture, set_goal_aperture, set_compliance, set_force, check_slip should be used. 2. Do not invent new functions or classes. The only allowed functions you can call are the ones listed above. Do not leave unimplemented code blocks in your response. 3. The only allowed library is numpy. Do not import or use any other library. If you use np, be sure to import numpy. 4. If you are not sure what value to use, just use your best judge. Do not use None for anything. 5. If you see phrases like [REASONING], replace the entire phrase with a code comment explaining the grasp strategy and its relation to the following gripper commands. 6. If you see phrases like [PREDICTION], replace the entire phrase with a prediction of the gripper's state after the following gripper commands are executed. 7. If you see phrases like {PNUM: default_value}, replace the value with the corresponding value from the grasp description. 8. If you see phrases like {CHOICE: [choice1, choice2, ...]}, it means you should replace the entire phrase with one of the choices listed. Be sure to replace all of them. If you are not sure about the value, just use your best judgement. 9. Remember to import the gripper class and create a Gripper at the beginning of your code. 10. Remember to check the current aperture after setting the goal aperture and adjust the goal aperture if necessary. 11. Before checking for slip, remember to create two new variables, applied_force and slip_threshold, set equal to the initial initial_force. Slip detection continues checking the unchanged slip_threshold, but the applied_force increases. 12. Remember to reassign the goal aperture to the current aperture after completing the slip check for complete grasps.